|
[1] | Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997;349:1269-76.
|
|
[2] | on behalf of the Task Forces, Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Eur Heart J 1997;18:1231-48.
|
|
[3] | National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Morbidity and mortality: chartbook on cardiovascular, lung and blood diseases, Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, 1992.
|
|
[4] | for the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project Group, Weaver WD, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom AP et al. Pre-hospital-initiated vs. hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. J Am Med Assoc 1993;270:1211-6.
|
|
[5] | Maynard C, Althourse R, Olsufka M et al. Early versus late hospital arrival for acute myocardial infarction in the Western Washington thrombolytic trials. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1296-300.
|
|
[6] | Espinosa JA, Beamer AD, Kosnik LK. Reducing time to throm-bolytic treatment. Clinician 1996; 14:24-9.
|
|
[7] | Tierney WM, Fitzgerald J, McHenry R et al. Physicians' estimates of the probability of myocardial infarction in emergency room patients with chest pain. Med Dec Making 1986;6:12-7.
|
|
[8] | Rouan GW, Hedges JR, Toltzis R et al. A chest pain clinic to improve the follow-up of patients released from an urban university teaching hospital emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1987;16:1145-50.
|
|
[9] | Lee TH, Weisberg MC, Cook FE et al. Evaluation of creatine kinase-MB for diagnosing myocardial clinical impact in the emergency room. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:115-21.
|
|
[10] | Pozen MW, D'Agostino RB, Selker HP et al. A predictive instrument to improve coronary-care; unit admission practices in acute ischemic heart disease: prospective multicenter clinical trial. New Engl J Med 1984;310:1273-8.
|
|
[11] | Bahr RD. Growth in chest pain emergency departments throughout the United States: A cardiologist's spin on solving the heart attack problem. Coron Artery Dis 1995;6(10):827-30.
|
|
[12] | Bahr RD. Concept of community chest pain centers in emergency departments. Clinician 1996;14:5-6.
|
|
[13] | Bahr RD, McIntosh HD. Reawakening awareness of the importance of prodromal symptoms in the shifting paradigm to early heart attack care [EHAC]. Clinician 1996;14:7-9.
|
|
[14] | Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC et al. Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient. Ann Emerg Med 1997;29:116-25.
|
|
[15] | Puleo PR, Meyer D, Wathen C et al. Use of a rapid assay of subforms of creatinine kinase-MB to diagnose or rule out acute myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 1994;331:561-6.
|
|
[16] | McCarthy BD, Beshansky JR, D'Agostino RB et al. Missed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department: results from a multicenter study. Ann Emerg Med 1993;22:579-82.
|
|
[17] | Lee TJ, Goldman L. The coronary care unit turns 25: Historical trends and future directions. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:887-94.
|
|
[18] | Bahr RD. Prodromal symptoms of a heart attack, [Letter]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:751-2.
|
|
[19] | Braunwald E. Shattuck lecture - cardiovascular medicine at the turn of the millenium: Triumphs, concerns, and opportunities. New Engl J Med 1997;337:1360-9.
|
|
[20] | Bahr RD. Access to early cardiac care: chest pain as a risk factor for heart attacks and the emergence of early cardiac care centers. Maryland Med J Feb 1992;41(2):133-7.
|
|
[21] | McIntyre KM. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the ultimate coronary care unit [editorial]. I Am Med Assoc 1980;244:510-1.
|
|
[22] | American College of Cardiology /American Heart Association Task Force. ACC/AHA guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1990;82:664-707.
|
|
[23] | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland - National Heart Attack Alert program Coordinating Committee. Emergency department. Rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:311-29.
|
|
[24] | Health Care Investment Analysts, Inc, Baltimore, Maryland, 1997.
|
|
[25] | Graff L, Joseph T, Andelman R et al. American College of Emergency Physicians Information Paper: Chest pain units in emergency departments - a report from the short-term observation services section. Am I Cardiol 1995;76:1036-9.
|
|
[26] | Bahr RD. Acute outpatient care and comprehensive management of acute myocardial ischemia in chest pain emergency departments. MD Med J 1995;44:691-3.
|
|
[27] | EPIC Investigators. Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein Ilb/Illa receptor in high-risk coronary angioplasty. New Eng] J Med 1994;330:956-61.
|
|
[28] | EPILOG Investigators. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIA receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization. New Engl J Med 1997;336:1689-96.
|
|
[29] | IMPACT II Investigators. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of effect of eptifibatide on complication of percutaneous coronary intervention: IMPACT II. Integrelin to minimize platelet aggregation and coronary thrombosis-II. Lancet 1997;349:1422-8.
|
|
[30] | PARAGON Investigators. International, randomized, controlled trial of lamifiban (a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor), heparin, or both in unstable angina. platelet IIb/IIIa antagonism for the reduction of acute coronary syndrome events in a global organization network. Circulation 1998;97:2386-95.
|
|
[31] | PRISM Study Investigators. A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina. New Engl J Med 1998;338:1498-505.
|
|
[32] | PRISM-PLUS Study Investigators. Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein Ilb/IlIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 1998;338:1488-97.
|
|
[33] | PURSUIT Trial Investigators. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. New Engl J Med 1998;339:436-43.
|
|
[34] | Graff L, Dallara J, Ross MA et al. Impact on the care of the emergency department chest pain patient from the chest pain evaluation registry [CHEPER] study. Coron Artery Dis 1997;80:563-8.
|
|
[35] | Bahr RD. The EHAC strategy: citizens chart the course for healthy people in the year 2000. J Cardiovasc Manag 1995;May /June: 1923.
|
|
[36] | Braunwald E. Acute myocardial infarction - the value of being prepared [editorial]. New Engl J Med 1996;334:51-2.
|
|
[37] | Bahr RD, Granger CG, Moliterno DJ et al. [for the GUSTO Ilb Investigators]. The myths and realities of the impact of prodromal symptoms on outcome of acute myocardial infarction. In: The American College of Cardiology [Abstract] 46th Annual Scientific Session, 1997.
|
|
[38] | Bahr RD. Wiping out heart disease before the year 2000: an obtainable goal, a prediction for the future. J Cardiovasc Manag 1993;4:40-3.
|
|
[39] | Bahr RD. The concept and the development of chest pain emergency departments as a strategy in the war against heart attack. In: Gould KA, editor, Critical care nursing clinics of North America, Vol 10, 1988, pp. 41-51.
|
|
[40] | The GUSTO Investigators. An international randomization trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 1993;329:673-82.
|
|
[41] | Giblet WB, Walsh RA, Levy RC et al. Rapid diagnostic and treatment centers in the emergency department for patients with chest pain. Circulation 1992;86([suppl]):1-15, [Abstract 56] 65th Annual Scientific Sessions, American Heart Association 1992.
|
|
[42] | Lewis WR, Lee TY, Amsterdam EA. Immediate exercise in the assessment of low risk patients presenting to the emergency room with acute chest pain. Circulation 1991;84:575, [Abstract 2283]. A 65th Annual Scientific Session. American Heart Association.
|
|
[43] | Rodriques S, Cowfer JP, Lyston DJ. Clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of rapid emergency department rule out myocardial infarction and noninvasive cardiac evaluation in patients with acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;2848, Abstract 771-775 Atlanta Georgia: American College of Cardiology 1994 Scientific Sessions.
|
|
[44] | Levin E, Lowery M, Furlong RB et al. Suspected ischemic chest pain: Accuracy and cost efficiency of emergency department-based evaluation. [Abstract 990-50] New Orleans American College of Cardiology 44th Annual Scientific Session. J Am Coll Cardiol 313Am, 1995.
|
|
[45] | Stewart RE, Dickinson CZ, Weissman I et al. Emergency care center Tc~99m-sestamibi SPECT imaging for unexplained chest pain: cost savings and outcome analysis. I Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25(Suppl):211a, [Abstract 959-105].
|
|
[46] | for the ROMIO study group, Gomez MA, Anderson JL, Karafounis LA et al. An emergency department based protocol for rapidly ruling out myocardial ischemia reduces hospital time and expense: results of a randomized study [ROMIO. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:25-33.
|
|
[47] | Ornato JP, Peberdy MA, Jesse RI et al. Is it necessary to 'miss' acute myocardial infarction in the ER?. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:404, [Abstract 8100-3].
|
|
[48] | Gibler WB. Evaluating patients with chest pain in the emergency department: Improving speed, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, or teaching an old dog new tricks. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:381-2.
|
|
[49] | Gibler WB, Runyon JP, Levy RC et al. A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25:381-8.
|
|
[50] | Healthy people 2000: citizens chart the course. In: Soto MA, Behrens R, Rosemont C, editors, Institute of Medicine. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, Vol. 92, National Academy Press, 1990.
|